While we have mentioned in the first article of the series about Internet platform data compliance (《互联网平台数据合规体系建设和平台治理》) how the   Personal Information Protection Law   (“PIPL”) identifies Gatekeepers among internet o...

The   China Data Security Law, effective from September 1, 2021, defines “data” to be “any recorded information in electronic or other forms[1].” In recent years, from a mere information recording and transmitting carrier, data has grad...

In recent years, countries around the world are strengthening the supervision on personal information and data protection. Taking the General Data Protection Regulation of the European Union (“GDPR”) as an example, one of the key supervis...

Introduction   With the beginning of an era of the three-pillared data legislation, i.e., the   Cybersecurity Law, the   Data Security Law   and the   Personal Information Protection Law   of the People’s Republic of China (“PRC”) and fu...

With the rapid development of information technology, the security of personal information becomes more and more important in the era of Big Data. In recent years, laws and regulations in different jurisdictions have established personal da...

Since China Data Security Law went live in September 2021, it has been almost 10 months. By looking back relevant cross-border data transfer regulations and industry practices, we wanted to summarize our observations and thoughts for multi-...